GPON
A fast and advanced communication network solution based on end-to-end optical fibers for a deployment of up to 20 km. The network is built from a main switch that provides support for thousands of users and units at the end of the converters to repair Giga "Rent RJ45. In the middle, only passive splitters of the optical signal are installed, and all this without switches, communication cabinets, cooling systems, and without interruption. Immediate savings in the costs of construction and operation. The era of copper wires is over.
The building blocks of the GPON network
the main switchof the GPON network is called: Optical Line Terminal or OLT for short. The OLT is located in the main communication cabinet near the Internet connection and provides the switching services for the optical network. The switch has several GPON-standard SFP ports that connect directly to the fibers deployed in the building or campus or throughout the city. Each port supports several dozen endpoints called: ONU (or ONT).
Main switch of the GPON network known as: OLT
The endpoint ONUPerforms the communication with the OLT switch and also converts the optical signal to the giga ethernet standard. The unit has a number of inputs from 1 to 24 RJ45 inputs depending on the model. There are also units with POE capabilities in a variety of power supplies, meaning the ability to provide power in addition to the data stream, to operate IP telephone extensions, wireless WIFI access points, IP security cameras or smart screens, digital signage and information kiosks.
End point ONU with 4 giga ethernet ports
Optical passive splitters in the GPON network function as floor or zone switches, with the difference being that the optical splitter is a completely passive component, not connected to electricity, does not take up space and does not require ventilation or conditioning. The optical splitter receives the information on one side and transmits the information, simultaneously, to all its outputs on the other side. That is, every fiber that comes out, receives exactly the same information. There are splitters with one input, and a variable number of outputs, usually in multiples of 2. eg: 4\8\16\32\64 outputs. In networks with a main site and a backup site, two OLT units can be installed for redundancy purposes. In this configuration, it is possible to reach the same end point with two different signals by using splitters with two inputs, one of which is connected to the main OLT and the other is connected to the secondary LOT. In the event of the failure of the main site, the GPON system works immediately the control to the secondary unit.
signal input
The signal output is split into 4
Passive Optical Splitter GPON 1:4
How does GPON work?
GPON technology is economical in terms of installation and maintenance costs compared to the standard solutions. The POL technology is based on the old GPON protocol, which defines an end-to-end passive optical network, from the main switch to the desktop.
Wired and wireless internet, security cameras, telephony, IoT and more, all on one end-to-end optical network. The POL - Passive Optical Lan technology is based on the old GPON - Gigabit Passive Optical Network protocol, which defines a passive optical network from end to end, from the main switch to the desktop.
The new generation infrastructure is built on optical fiber deployed in a building, campus or metro layout. The optical fiber frees us from the 100 meter limit of the copper cables and the need for switches along the way (there is only one main switch). The fiber is split in the structure by passive splitters, which are, in fact, an optical prism, which operates by virtue of the laws of physics, without the need for any voltage or energy source.
The network is built from one central switch connected through the optical fiber to end units, which are located next to the desktop or near it, and they convert the fiber to a fast Ethernet standard.
General scheme of the optical signal in the passive splitter
The management system of the GPON network
Advantages of GPON
The advantages of the POL are reflected in the 30% cheaper installation cost compared to a copper solution and switches. The POL- can be connected up to distances of 20 km. Thus, there is no need for communication rooms every 100 meters, there is no need to waste floor space, electricity and cooling for communication cabinets full of wiring and switches and there is no need for maintenance of floor switches. The encryption of the information is understood in the GPON protocol and listening to an optical fiber is more complex than listening to copper wires.
It is a green solution that saves resources in deployment and of course in ongoing maintenance of energy and time. You feel the big difference when you stand in the only communication room in front of one communication cabinet, from which several optical fibers come out serving hundreds and thousands of end points, at a distance that can, as mentioned, reach up to 20 km.
In numbers, this is a saving of 90% in the floor space of communication rooms and 80% in energy costs.
The network architecture has advantages in managing the network, you can add and change services for the end user in a simple and easy way. This, in addition to the security advantages built into the AES128 bit standard.
The main switch unit is called Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and it is a switch unit that performs L2 switching functions L3 including redundancy capabilities. The end units, which are located next to the desktop, are called the Surfing Point Optical Network Unit (ONU) and they come in several configurations of 1-4 Ethernet ports. The end units are supplied with voltage from a standard power supply and provide POE voltage at the port.
The network rate is 2.4 gigabit per second in the down stream and 1.2 giga bit per second in the up stream. Since it is a shared media, GPON uses the TDMA format to allocate a time window to the different wavelengths. Each of the information streams moves at a different wavelength: 1490 nm and 1310 nm, respectively.
Although the standard allows connecting up to 128 split end units from one fiber, in practice a lower ratio of around 40 end points per single fiber must be maintained. About 16 fibers connect to a small OLT and 100 to an OLT in a chassis configuration. Thus, in a rough calculation it is a solution that ranges from several hundred to several thousand end units for each terminal. When deploying a POL network, the signal attenuation of the optical splitters must be calculated and thus, by calculating a simple formula, a high-quality and fast network can be designed.
VLAN support throughout the network including QOS
The UBIQUITI company entered the field of POL with the aim of bringing to the market an excellent solution at a winning price that enables the establishment of a high-quality GPON network that integrates into the well-known management system of UBIQUITI. You can manage the Internet router, the GPON network, the WIFI points and even edge switches in one system.
A comprehensive GPON network management system including a leading application
A set of reports and graphs for comprehensive information on network performance
UBIQUITI's ONU point for connecting 4 Giga Ethernet end units
The leading carrier application in the communications market also allows you to manage GPON solutions, one interface for the entire communications network
GPON solutions with POE - operation of end accessories without connection to electricity
An ONU unit of 4 Gigabit Ethernet ports that provides POE power in the variety of carriers to operate end devices in UBIQUITI's GPON network.
ONU point including POE of 4Fibr to connect 4 end units in the network _cc781905-58bb-3194-bb3b-65cdeGPON Ubiquity
Nokia Passive Optical LAN solution
